CHAPTER 1 Alphabets/ Abjad Huruf

A. The Letters (Abjad)

A (ei) “alpha N (en) “narrow

B (bie) “bravo O (ow) “oscar

C (sie) “charlie P (pie) “papa

D (die) “delta Q (kyuw) “quibble

E (ie) “echo R (a:) “romeo

F (ef) “foxtrot S (es) “sierra

G (jie) “golf T (tie) “tango

H (eic) “hotel U (yu) “uniform

I (ai) “Indian V (vie) “victor

J (jei) “Juliet W (dabelzu) “wing

K (kei) “kill X (eks) “X-man

L (el) “lima Y (wai) “young

M (em) “mike Z (zie/zet) “zero

“Now we can sing ABC next time we will be happy”

Hati-hati dengan bunyi kata-kata berikut ini.

A {ei} C {sie} G {jie} V {vie} Y {way}

E {ie} S {es} J {jei} F {ef} Z {yuw}

I {ai}

Exercise : (latihan)

Can you spell these words: (dapatkan kamu eja kata-kata berikut ini)

- Y – O – G – Y – A – K – A – R – T – A

- W – A – T – E – R – M – E – L – O – N

- S – O – E – K – A – R – N – O

- H – E – A – D – M – A – S – T – E – R

B. Spelling Practice (Latihan Mengeja)

- What is your name?

My name is Joe Senders

- How do you spell your name?

J-O-E-S-E-N-D-E-R-S

- What color do you like?

I like yellow one.

- How to spell it?

Y-E-L-L-O-W

- Where are you from?

I am from London

- How to spell it?

L-O-N-D-O-N

Speak up by spelling? {Ucapkan dan eja dengan jelas}

1. How to spell your name?

2. What is your nick name?

3. What is your country’s name?

4. Where do you come from?

5. What is your father’s name?

6. What is your mother’s name?

7. What favorite color do you have?

8. What favorite food do you have?

Note: Kapan kita menngunakan spelling /eja?

- Jika kita tidak merasa jelas tentang informasi yang di ucapkan informan

- Jika kita kurang begitu yakin dg jawaban informan

- Agar informasi yang disampaikan lebih jelas

- Agar tidak menimbulkan kesalahfahaman bunyi/ pengucapan

Bisa juga mengunakan kalimat tanya yang lain seperti:

Excuse me, how do you say your name?

Could you spell it to me?

CHAPTER 2 Numbers / Bilangan / Angka

A. Cardinal Numbers (bilangan biasa)

0 : zero 11 : eleven 30 : thirty

1 : one 12 : twelve 40 : forty

2 : two 13 : thirteen 50 : fifty

3 : three 14 : fourteen 60 : sixty

4 : four 15 : fifteen 70 : seventy

5 : five 16 : sixteen 80 : eighty

6 : six 17 : seventeen 90 : ninety

7 : seven 18 : eighteen 100 : hundred

8 : eight 19 : nineteen 1000 : thousand

9 : nine 20 : twenty 1000000 : a million

10 : ten 21 : twenty one 1000000000: a billion

B. Ordinal Numbers (bilangan tingkatan)

1^st : first 11^th : eleventh 30^th : thirtieth

2^nd : second 12^th : twelfth 40^th : fortieth

3^rd : third 13^th : thirteenth 50^th : fiftieth

4^th : fourth 14^th : fourteenth 60^th : sixtieth

5^th : fifth 15^th : fifteenth 70^th : seventieth

6^th : sixth 16^th : sixteenth 80^th : eightieth

7^th : seventh 17^th : seventeenth 90^th : ninetieth

8^th : eighth 18^th : eighteenth 95^th : ninety fifth

9^th : ninth 19^th : nineteenth 100^th : a hundredth

10^th : tenth 20^th : twentieth 105^th :a hundred fifth

C. Fraction Numbers (bilangan peacahan)

Huruf yang pertama kali dibaca biasa (bilangan biasa) dan huruf kedua bilangan bertingkat

1/2 a half/ one second 1 1/2 one and a half

2/3 two third 2 3/2 two and three second

3/4 three fourth 3 4/5 three and four fifth

4/5 five fifth 7 7/8 seven and seven eighth

7/8 seven eighth 6 2/4 six and two fourth

10/11 ten eleventh 2 3/4 two and three fourth

Bentuk bilangan decimal dengan menggunakan titik sebagai pemisah

0. 3 zero point three

16.13 sixteen point one three

345.567 three hundred and forty five point five six seven

D. Multiplicative Numbers

Once : sekali odd/uneven : ganjil

Twice : dua kali even : genap

Three times : tiga kali a slice : seiris

Five times : empat kali a piece : sepotong

Six times : enam kali a bundle : seikat

………times : ……..kali numerator : pembilang

Many times : berkali – kali denominator : penyebut

Persamaan kata-kata yang mirip artinya dengan bilangan multiplicative

- always : selalu rarely : jarang

- often : sering hardly : agak/hampir

- usually : biasanya sometimes : kadang-kadang

- ever : pernah Hardly ever : hampir pernah

- seldom : jarang Hardly never : hamper tidak pernah

Exercise: (latihan)

1. 19 = 7. 19 kali =

2. 328 = 8. 548 kali =

3. 2076 = 9. 4930 kali =

4. ke – 6 = 10. 3/5 =

5. ke – 26 = 11. 3/23 =

6. ke – 259 = 12. 3 5/7 =

Conversation:

A. Is this the first time for you to visit the temple?

B…………..

A. Are you the first child?

B……………………….

A. When was our independent day?

B…………………………

A. Now open your book at the second page?

B…………………….

A. How many pens do you have?

B. I have two, the first pen is red, the second pen is blue.

Artikan kedalam bahasa inggris!

1. Sekali dalam seminggu

2. Lima kali dalam sebulan

3. Dua buku merah saya

4. Kelas tiga di sekolah ini

5. Anak ke dua dari lima bersaudara

6. Satu per dua bagian milik saya

7. Setiap orang punya cinta, cinta adalah sesuatu yang suci dan agung. Cinta pertama tak bisa terlupakan. Akankah kau jatuh cinta yang kedua kalinya.

MATHEMATIC SYSTEM

Oprasi bilangan tambah (+) menggunakan ; added/plus/and

Contoh ;

3 + 2 = 5

-. Three plus two is five

-. Three added two are five

-. Tree and two are five

Oprasi bilangan kurang (-) menggunakan ; minus, deducted by, less

Contoh

5 – 3 = 2

-. Five minus three are two

-. Five less three are two

-. Five deducted by three are two

Oprasi bilangan kali (x) menggunakan ; times, multiplied by

Contoh

2 x 2 = 4

-. Two times two equals four

-. Two multiplied by two are four

Oprasi bilangan bagi(:) menggunakan per, divided by

Contoh

4 : 2 = 2

-. Four divided by two are two

-. Four per two are two

Latihan

Lafalkan bilangan matematika di bawah ini dengan menggunakan bahasa inggris.

A. Penjumlahan

6 + 5 = 11

3 + 4 = 7

9 + 12 = 21

7 + 2 = 9

8 + 4 = 12

B. Pengurangan

6 – 4 = 2

23 – 3 = 20

8 – 5 = 3

17 – 6 = 11

28 – 9 = 19

C. Perkalian

5 x 4 = 20

6 x 5 = 30

3 x 5 = 15

2 x 2 = 4

4 x 3 = 12

D. Pembagian

8 : 2 = 4

6 : 3 = 2

4 : 2 = 2

10 : 2 = 5

48 : 2 = 24

Do not judge the book by it’s cover

CHAPTER 3 Reading Text 1

Hungry Wolf

Oneday, a wolf was very hungry. It looked for food here and there. But it couldn’t get any. At last it found a loaf of bread and piece of meat in the hole of a tree.

The hungry wolf squeezed into the hole. It ate all the food. It was a woodcutter’s lunch. He was on his way back to the tree to have lunch. But he saw there was no food in the hole, instead, a wolf. On seeing the woodcutter, the wolf tried to get out of the hole. But it couldn’t. Its tummy was swollen. The woodcutter caught the wolf and gave it nice beatings.

GLOSSARY

Hungry : lapar hole : lubang

Looked for : mencari wood cutter : penebang kayu

Food :makanan lunch : makan siang

Get : mendapatkan swollen : tertelan

Loaf of bread : seiris roti caught : menangkap

Piece of meat : sepotong daging beating : pukulan

CHAPTER 4 Days/Hari

A. Days in a week (hari dalam seminggu)

Sunday : Minggu Day off : hari libur

Monday : Senin Holiday : hari libur

Tuesday : Selasa Birth day : hari kelahiran

Wednesday : Rabu Every day : setiap hari

Thursday : Kamis Some day : Suatu hari

Friday : Jum’at

Saturday : Sabtu

Pertanyaan yang pada umumnya digunakan untuk menanyakan hari:

What day is it today? Hari apa sekarang

What day was it yesterday? Hari apa kemarin

What day is it tomorrow? Hari apa besok

What day is the day after tomorrow? Hari apa besok lusa

What day was the day before yesterday? Hari apa kemarin lusa

B. Conversation !

Q. What day is today?

C. Today is Monday.

Q. What day is after Monday?

C. The day after Monday is Tuesday

Q. What day is before Monday?

C. The day before Monday is Sunday.

Q. What day was yesterday?

C. Yesterday was Sunday

Q. What day is tomorrow?

C. Tomorrow is Tuesday.

Q. How many days are there in week?

C. There are seven days in week.

Q. What are they?

C. They are Sunday, Monday……...

CHAPTER 5 Dates/Tanggal

Cara menyatakan tanggal dalam bahasa inggris memiliki perbedaan dengan cara dalam berbahasa Indonesia. Cara-cara tersebut diklasifikan sebagai berikut yaitu cara dalam pengucapan dan penulisan tanggal:

1. December 16^th 1982

2. December 16, 1982

3. 16^th December 1982

4. December 16^th, 1982

5. 16 December 1982

7. 16 Dec 1982

8. Dec. 16^th 1982

Pertanyaan yang pada umumnya dipakai yaitu;

What is the date today? Tanggal berapa hari ini

What date is today? Tanggal berapa hari ini

What date was yesterday? Tanggal berapa kemarin

What date is tomorrow? Tanggal berapa besok

What date will tomorrow be? Tanggal berapa besok

Conversation!

J. What date is today?

I. Today is March 17^th 2006

J. What date after March 17^th 2006

I. The date after March 17^this March 18^th 2006

J. What date is tomorrow?

I. Tomorrow is 18^th 2006

J. What date was yesterday?

I. Yesterday was March 16^th 2006

MONTHS/BULAN

A. Months in a year:

January July

February August

March September

April October

May November

June December

Pertanyaan yang sering dipakai dalam menanyakan bulan;

v What month is this? Bulan apa bulan ini

v What month is it now? Bulan apa sekarang

v What is this month? Bulan apa bulan ini

v What was it last month? Bulan apa bulan lalu

v What month was last month? Bulan apa bulan yang lalu

v What month is next month? Bulan apa bulan depan

v What is the next month? Bulan apa bulan depan

v What is the first month? Apa bulan yang pertama

v What is the second month? Apa bulan yang kedua

v How many months are there in a year? Ada berapa bulan dalam

setahun

B. Conversation!

D. What month is this month?

L. This month is July

D. What month is before July?

L. Before July is June

D. What Month is after this month?

L. After this month is August.

D. What month was last month?

L. Last month was June.

CHAPTER 6 Reading Text 2

The Fox and The Eels

A fisherman was returning home after a day by the river with his cart full of eels. Reynard the fox saw him and immediately thought of a way of getting himself a sumptuous dinner. Hedown in the middle of the road and pretended to be dead.

When the fisherman saw him, he fell for the trick. He picked up the fox, convinced that he had found him self a beautiful fox skin, and put it in the back of his cart. Once on the move, Reynard emptied all the eels out into the road, gathered them up and ran off. So the gullible fisherman lost both his fox fur skin and his fish.

GLOSSARY

Fisherman : nelayan fell : merasakan

Returning : kembali convinced : meyakinkan

Cart : gerobak skin : kulit

Thought : berfikir emptied : mengosongkan

Sumptuous : mewah gullible : tertipu

Dinner : makan malam

CHAPTER 7 Greetings (Tegur Sapa)

Kata yang biasa dipakai yaitu ;

Formal (resmi)

- Good Morning!

- Good afternoon!

- Good evening!

- Good night!

- How do you do?

- How are you?

Informal (tidak resmi)

- Hallo

- Hi

- How are you keeping?

- How is life?

- How are you doing?

- How are you getting on?

- What’s cooking?

Replay (jawaban)

- Very well, thank you.

- Fine, thanks

- Not so bad

- Quite well, thanks

- Oh, pretty good

- Very good.

- Well. thanks

- Not so bad

- Not so well

- A little sick

- Rather cold

Ketika kita mau meninggalkan orang kita bisa mengucapkan;

- Bye bye

- Good bye

- I’m leaving now

- I must be off

- See you later

- I must go now

- See you later / tomorrow/ long/ tonight

- I must go a head now

- I’m getting out of here

- I go a first now

- Be good on the way.

- Take care on the way

- Keep on the way

- Beware on the way.

- I will miss you when you are gone

- Best of luck

- All the best

Practice it!

a. Good morning, Mr. Green.

b. Good morning Miss Marry.

a. How ‘are you, Mr. Green?

b. Very well, thank you. How are ‘you Merry?

a. Fine, thanks.

a. Hello Mr. Black, How are you getting on?

b. Pretty good, How about you Cris Jhon?

a. Not too bad, thank a lot.

a. Good evening, Tom. How is everything?

b. Everything is ok, thanks. How are you today?

a. Just fine thanks.

CHAPTER 8 Introduction /Perkenalan

A. Self – Introduction (memperkenalkan diri)

- My name is ……. But you can call me……

- I am twelve years old

- I am from Jakarta

- I am English student

- My hobby is swimming or My hobbies are reading and traveling

Selain menggunakan kalimat diatas kita bisa juga mengawali dengan:

- I want to introduce my self to you

- Let me introduce my self to you

- I would like to introduce my self to you

- I am going to introduce my self to you

- I will know my self to you

- I see my self to you

- I am…..

Exercise (latihan)

A. Good Morning, sir / Miss!

I would like to introduce my self to you

My name is …………………………........(nama lengkap)

My nick name is……………………….

I’m ……………

I graduated from……………………in ………

I’m from………

My hobby / hobbies is/are…………….

My favorite food……

My favorite drink………..

Note: I’m from (dari tempat kelahiran)

I come from (dari asalnya/tempat dimana sekarang tinggal)

I am coming from (baru saja dari mana)

I have been from (masih dari mana)

B. To ask somebody else (menanyakan orang lain)

Step 1 (langkah awal) menggunkan kata teguran (greeting)

- Good morning

- Good afternoon

- Hi!

- Hello!

- Good evening

Step 2 (langkah ke 2) menanyakan kabar

- How are you?

- How’s life

- How are you getting on?

- What’s cooking?

- Are you ok?

- Are you fine?

- How do you do (Jika pertama kali bertemu)

Step 3 (langkah ke 3) mengawali perkenalan

- Excuse me, I wanna introduce with you!

- Excuse me, may I introduce with you?

- Excuse me, do you mind if Introduce with you?

- Excuse me, is it all right to introduce with you?

Step 4 (langkah ke 4) inti perkenalan

- What is your name?

- Who are you?

- What is your profession?

- What are you?

- What is your job?

- Where were you born?

- Where do you stay?

- Where do you live?

- Where do you work?

- Where do you study?

- Where is your school located?

- What is/are your hobby/hobbies?

- What food do you like?

- What drink do you like?

- What number phone do you have?

- Why do you stay here?

Step 5 (langkah penutup) mengakhiri percakapan

- I’m sorry, I must go now.

- Sorry, I must go first

- Sorry, I go a head

- Sorry, I’ m leaving

- Thanks for your nice occasion to talk with me

- Thanks for your time

- Nice to talk with you

- Nice to meet you

Practice (praktekkan)

A. Good morning

B. Good morning

A. Excuse me, may I introduce with you? What is your name?

B. My name is ………

A. How old are you?

B. I am ten years old

A. Where are you from?

B. I am from Surabaya

A. What are you?

B. I am an English Student.

A. What is your hobby?

B. My hobby is reading

Sorry, I must go now

B. it is ok.

A. Nice to meet you

B. Nice to meet you too.

Note: in introduction is impolite to ask age/ status.

Exercise (latihan)

A. Good morning

B. …………..

A How are you?

B……………

A. Excuse me, who are you?

B.………………….

A. What are you?

B.……………..

A. Where/ when were you graduated?

B.…………

A. What is your hobby?

B.……………….

A. What is your favorite food?

B…………………….

A. What is you favorite drink?

B.………………….

A. Where do you stay?

B. …………………

A. What’s your father’s name?

A. What’s your mother’s name?

B………………

A. How long have you been staying here?

B………..

A. What do you buy?

b…………

A. Sorry, i go a head

A. I’m glad to see you

B. ……………………….

C. To introduce somebody else (Memperkenalkan orang lain)

Step 1 (langkah awal) ijin untuk memperkenalkan

- excuse me, I wanna introduce my friend to you?

- excuse me, let me introduce my friend to you?

- excuse me, would you mind if I introduce my friend to you?

Step 2 (langkah kedua) inti

- his name is

- he is…..

- he is ……….years old on ……….

- he was graduate from…….

- he has been working in………

- he has ……………brothers ………….daughters

- he is single/ marriage

- his hobby is……

Step 3 (langkah ketiga) penutup

- sorry, we must go now

- sorry, we must go first

- sorry, we go a head

- may we meet again next time

- we hope we can meet next day

- nice to see you

- it’s wonderful to meet you

- it’s ok to meet you

Practice (praktekkan)

A. good morning

B. good morning

A. excuse me, I want to introduce my friend to you?

B. yes, please

A. his name is Tom cross but he likes if called Cross

B. oh I see

A. sorry, we must go first and thanks for everything

B. it’s ok, you are welcome.

D. To introduce a speaker (memperkenalkan seorang pembicara)

Steep 1 (langkah awal) mengumumkan siapa pembicara tersebut

- Ladies and gentlemen I will call the speaker ……

- I please to ……..

- I have great pleasure Mr/Ms……

- I want to call…….

- I would like to call……….

- It’s nice speaker….

- I give the nice time to ……..

- The great speaker to…………….

Step 2 (langkah kedua) menjelaskan latar belakang pembicara

- He is……

- He is graduate from ……..then……….

- He ever worked in…………..as …………..and also……….as….

- He has worked in…………..for ………….as……….

- He is qualified worker

- He has ever become………in………….since………till……

Step 3 (langkah ketiga) mempersilahkan untuk tampil ke pentas/mimbar

- To Mr/Ms…….the time is yours

- Please to Mr/Ms………….the floor is yours

- I welcome to …………the available occasion is yours

- Welcome to ……….the time and floor are yours

Practice (latihan)

A.ladies and gentlemen for this occasion I will call the great speaker

He is very…………..

He has graduated from………….and now he is …………….as……….

He is also ……………….as…………for…………

Well audiences I please to Mr/Ms…………….time and floor are yours

Idiom yang sering dipakai jika ada pertanyaan dalam perkenalan

Setelah “ how do you do?” (British) or pleased to meet you (USA)

jika kita belum kenal sebelumnya

- I am glad to see you

- I am happy to see you

- I am pleased to see you

- I am delighted to see you

- It’s a pleasure to see you

- It’s a pleasure to meet you

- It’s a pleasure to know you

- It’s nice to see you

- It’s nice to meet you

Setelah “How are you?” jika sudah akrab atau pernah kenal

- I am very well, thank you.

- I am fine, thank you

- I am pretty well, thank you

- I am quite well, thank you.

- Just fine, thanks

- Very well, thanks

- Pretty well, thanks

- Everything is ok

- Not so bad

- Not so good

- Everything is under control

Practice (latihan)

A. How do you do?

B. How do you do?

A. I am glad to see you

B. I am glad to see you too

A. How are you?

B. Very well, thanks or Fine, thanks

No action no reaction

CHAPTER 9 Reading Text 3

The Owl and the Nightingale

There was once a nightingale, in a cage by a window that was in habit of singing only at night. An owl was puzzled by this and went to the nightingale what the reason was.

“When I was captured,” explained the nightingale, “it was day and I was singing. In this way I learnt to be more prudent and to sing only at night.”

“Are you afraid you might be captured a second time?” asked the baffled owl, “It would have been better if you had been more careful the first time when your freedom was at risk. Now it doesn’t really matter anymore!”

Glossaries

Owl : burung hantu Freedom : bebas

Nightingale : burung bulbul risk : resiko

Cage : kandang

Captured : tertangkap

Prudent : berhati hati

Baffled : keheranan

CHAPTER 10 Times/Waktu

Ada 2 cara dalam penyebutan waktu:

1. Menurut “British”

What time is it?

-. 03.00 = It’s three o’clock

-. 06.45 = It’s a quarter to seven

-. 09.20 = It’s twenty minutes past nine

-. 07.30 = It’s a half past seven

-. 12. 15 = It’s a quarter past twelve

2. Menurut Amerika

What time is this time?

-. 03.00 = It’s three o’clock

-. 06.56 = It’s six fifty six minutes

-. 07.30 = It’s seven a half

-. 06.15 = It’s six fifteen.

Kalimat tanya yang umum digunakan yaitu;

What time is it?

What time is it,please?

What’s the time, the please?

Excuse me can you tell me what time it is?

Can you tell me the correct time?

What time have you?

What time do you make it?

What time do you have breakfast?

What time do you get up ever morning?

What time do you study?

What time do you sleep every night?

Keterangan ;

Jika menyebutkan waktu “tepat” harus menngunakn “Sharp” atau “Exactly”

Contoh ;

Jam 6 tepat

It’s six o’clock sharp

It’s exactly one o’clock.

Ketika menyatakan waktu tepat, dapat juga ditambahkan dengan keterangan tambahan, misalnya : (in this morning, in this afternoon, in this evening,….)

Contoh;

Jam 5 pagi

It’s five o’clock in the morning

It’s five o’clock a.m

Jika waktu menunjukkan “kurang dari” mengunakan “to” .

Contoh ;

Jam 7.40

It’s twenty minutes to eight

Jika waktu menunjukkan “lebih dari”, menggunakan “past”

Jam 3.25

It’s twenty five minutes past three.

Untuk waktu yang minute kelipatan lima kata”minute” tidak dipakai.

Contoh

Jam 9. 25

It’s twenty five past nine.

Jika menitnya menunjukkan 15 maka menggunkan (a quarter ) dan 30 maka menngunakan (a half )

Ucapkan jam dibawah ini dalam bahasa inggris.

British .Amerika

1. 02.00 = 1. 03.30 =

2. 08.15 = 2. 04.15 =

3. 04.45 = 3. 02.18 =

4. 10.30 = 4. 01.35 =

5. 03.39 = 5. 12.00 =

Conversation (percakapan)

A : Hello, jack!

B : Hello, lary?

A : How are you today?

B : Fine, thank you. and you?

A : I am fine, too. What time is it?

B : It is half past six. I go to school at a half past six every morning

What time do you go to school every morning?

A. I go to school at seven o’clock sharp every morning.

What time do you get up every morning?

B. I get up at five.

What time do you study everyday?

A. I study at five o’clock everyday

What time do you have dinner?

B. I have dinner eight o’clock

What time do you sleep every night?

A. I sleep at nine o’clock every night

What time do you cook rice?

B. I cook rice at sic o’clock

What time do you meet me?

A. I meet you at ten o’clock

What time do you take bath?

B. I take a bath at five o’clock

CHAPTER 11 Part Of Speech

Pengertian Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech adalah istilah untuk menggambarkan fungsi suatu kata dalam sebuah kalimat. Parts of Speechterdiri dari:

Macam-macam Parts of Speech

1. Nouns (Kata Benda)

Nouns (kata benda) dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yakni benda yang dapat dihitung (countable nouns) dan benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable nouns). Penjelasan mengenai Noun(kata benda) dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini.

COUNTABLE NOUNS	UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
I eat an apple* every day.* I like apples.	I eat rice* every day.* I like rice.
*Apple* adalah benda yang dapat dihitung (countable noun). Benda yang dapat dihitung, terbagi menjadi dua. Yakni: Benda tunggal (singular = satu benda) Benda jamak (plural = 2 benda atau lebih), untuk benda jamak harus di akhiri dengan tambahan huruf "S". contoh: An apple = tunggal Apples = jamak	*Rice* adalah benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable noun). Benda yang tidak dapat dihitung hanya memiliki satu bentuk saja (contoh : rice). Kita tidak bisa menggunakan angka untuk benda yang tidak dapat dihitung.
Contoh Countable Nouns: book, chair, song, cup, lamp, ambulance, accident, etc.	Contoh: music, sand, money, luck, water, electricity, etc. Untuk informasi selengkapnya silahkanbaca juga Contoh Uncountable Nounsberdasarkan kategorinya.

2. Pronouns (Kata Ganti)

Pronouns adalah kata ganti yang digunakan untuk orang, hewan, dan benda.

Perhatikan tabel berikut:

Pronouns	Keterangan
I	Orang pertama tunggal
We	Orang pertama jamak
You	Orang kedua tunggal/ jamak
He/ She/ It	Orang ketiga tunggal
They	Orang ketiga jamak

Adapun bentuk-bentuk atau macam-macam pronouns adalah: Personal Pronouns,Possessive Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Indefinite Pronouns, Reciprocal Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns dan Relative Pronouns. Silahkan baca artikel terkait untuk informasi lebih lengkap mengenai kata ganti (pronouns).

3. Verbs (Kata Kerja)

Verbs (kata kerja) adalah suatu tindakan atau aktifitas yang dilakukan oleh seseorang. Kata kerja terbagi menjadi dua, yakni Regular Verbs (kata kerja beraturan) dan Irregular Verbs(kata kerja tak beraturan).

Contoh Regular Verbs	Contoh Irregular Verbs
Cook, Repair, Wash, Paint, Kiss,Check, Watch, Treat, etc	Bring Take Go Get Etc.	Brought Took Went Got	Brought Taken Gone Gotten
Bentuk VERB 2 & VERB 3 dariRegular Verbs diakhiri dengan “-ed”. Contoh: cooked, washed, kissed,etc.	Silahkan dilihat di kamus untuk bentuk kata kerja tak beraturan (Irregular Verbs).

Penjelasan di atas hanyalah sedikit informasi mengenai Verbs (kata kerja), untuk selebihnya silahkan baca juga mengenai Tipe-tipe Verbs (Kata Kerja).

4. Adjectives (Kata Sifat)

Adjectives (kata sifat) memberikan gambaran pada kita tentang suatu benda, seseorang, atau sesuatu hal.

Kita menggunakan kata sifat (Adjectives) sebelum kata benda (Nouns), contohnya:

Shelly is a beautiful singer.

They are smart student.

He speaks perfect English.

Kita menggunakan kata sifat (Adjectives) setelah beberapa kata kerja, khususnya "be", dan juga "look, feel, sound, etc", contohnya:

Please be quiet.

I am hungry.

I feel happy.

5. Adverbs (Kata Keterangan)

Adverbs (kata keterangan) memberikan gambaran pada kita bagaimana seseorang melakukan suatu tindakan atau bagaimana suatu hal terjadi, contohnya:

Sam drives carefully along road.

She speaks English perfectly.

Mengenai kata keterangan (Adverbs), selebihnya silahkan baca juga artikel kami mengenaiPengertian dan Macam-macam Adverb Clauses.

6. Prepositions (Kata Depan)

Kita menggunakan prepositions sebelum noun (kata benda). Untuk informasi selengkapnya mengenai fungsi dan contoh prepositions silahkan lihat tabel di bawah ini.

Prepositions	Fungsi Prepositions
at	Untuk menunjukkan suatu waktu dalam hari Contoh: at 14.30 at midnight at dinner time, etc. Untuk menunjukkan posisi Contoh: at the window at the door, etc.
on	Untuk menunjukkan suatu hari dan tanggal Contoh: on Sunday on 21st March 2012 on my birthday, etc. Untuk menunjukkan posisi Contoh: on the floor on the table on page, etc.
In	Untuk menunjukkan periode waktu yg lama Contoh: in summer in the 1990s in the past, etc. Untuk menunjukkan posisi Examples: In the bedroom in the beach in a box, etc.
*Contoh Prepositions* yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan posisi adalah:**beside, in front of, behind, under, etc.
Contoh Regular Verbs		Contoh Irregular Verbs
Cook, Repair, Wash, Paint, Kiss,Check, Watch, Treat, etc		Bring Take Go Get Etc.	Brought Took Went Got	Brought Taken Gone Gotten
Bentuk VERB 2 & VERB 3 dariRegular Verbs diakhiri dengan “-ed”. Contoh: cooked, washed, kissed,etc.		Silahkan dilihat di kamus untuk bentuk kata kerja tak beraturan (Irregular Verbs).

7. Conjunctions (Kata Penghubung)

Conjunctions digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata dengan kata, frase dengan frase, klausa dengan klausa, dan kalimat dengan kalimat.

Macam-macam dan Contoh Conjunction

Beberapa Conjunctions yang sering digunakan adalah: But, and, although, so, if, or, after, until, for, so that, in spite of, Because, After / before, etc. Dan beberapa ada yang berbentuk Paired Conjunctions (konjungsi berpasangan), silahkan perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:

Both … and ….

Contoh:

Both my mother and my sister are here.

Not only … but also…

Contoh:

Not only my mother but also my sister is here.

Not only sister but also parents are here.

Untuk informasi selengkapnya, silahkan baca juga mengenai Penggunaan Conjunctions "Both - And" dan "Not Only - But Also".

Either … or …

Contoh:

Either my sister or my parents are here.

Neither … nor...

Contoh:

Neither my mother nor my sister is here.

Untuk informasi selengkapnya, silahkan baca juga mengenai Penggunaan Conjunctions "Either - Or" dan "Neither - Nor".

Bentuk-bentuk Conjunctions:

Single Form (Bentuk tunggal) seperti: and, but, because, although.

Compound (Majemuk) seperti: provided that, as long as, in order that.

Correlative (Menghubungkan) seperti: so...that

Dalam penggunaannya, conjunctions juga dibagi menjadi 2 jenis, silahkan baca mengenaiJenis-jenis Conjunctions untuk informasi selengkapnya.

8. Interjection (Kata Seru)

Interjection adalah kata seru, misalnya:

Hooray! He’s coming.

Yummy! I like this food!

Oh God, I really hate this thing, etc.

9. Determiners

Determiners digunakan sebelum kata benda (nouns).

Contoh dan Fungsi Determiners

a / an / the

Kita menggunakan "a/an" untuk menggambarkan seperti apa seseorang atau sesuatu tersebut, contohnya:

Are you a good student? A dolphin is an animal.

Kita menggunakan "the" ketika kita mengungkapkan sesuatu yang spesifik. Bandingkan penggunaan a/an dan the:

Have you got a car? I cleaned the car yesterday.

some / any

Kita menggunakan some pada kalimat positif dan any digunakan pada kalimat negatif.

much / many

Contohnya:

Much money. (much diikuti dengan uncountable noun)

many books. (many diikuti dengan countable noun)

CHAPTER 12 Pronoun

PEMBAGIAN PRONOUN

1. Personal Pronoun (kata ganti orang)

Personal pronoun adalah kata ganti yang menunjukkan pada orang atau penamaan. Kata ganti orang ini digunakan sebagai subjek dan objek. Tabel di bawah ini menyenaraikan penggunaan tersebut.

Subjek	Objek	Arti
I You She He It We They	Me You Her Him It Us Them	Saya, aku Kamu, Anda, kalian Dia (perempuan) Dia (laki-laki) Dia, itu, -nya Kita, kami Mereka

Contoh kalimatnya:

§ Three days ago I met Ariel. Yesterday I met him again. [Tiga hari yang lalu saya bertemu Ariel. Kemarin saya bertemu dia lagi.]

§ My sister bought a new handphone. She loves it very much. [Saudara perempuan saya membeli sebuah handphone baru. Dia sangat menyukainya.]

§ Sule borrowed three books from the library. He must return them in two days. [Sule meminjam tiga buku dari perpustakaan. Dia harus mengembalikannya dalam dua hari.]

2. Possessive Pronoun (kata ganti milik)

Possessive pronoun adalah kata yang menunjukkan kepemilikan. Ada dua bentuk possessive pronoun yaitu dependent (ditempatkan sebelum suatu kata benda) dan independent (ditempatkan setelah suatu kata kerja). Untuk lebih jelasnya, silakan Anda lihat tabel di bawah ini.

Dependent	Independent
My Your His Her Its Our Their	Mine Your His Hers Its Ours Theirs

Contohnya:

§ This is my book. The book is mine. [Ini buku saya. Buku ini punya saya]

§ This house is theirs. [Rumah ini milik mereka.]

§ This is your pencil and those are hers. [Ini pensilmu dan itu punya dia.]

3. Reflexive Pronoun

Reflexive pronoun adalah kata ganti yang menunjuk kegiatan untuk pelaku sendiri dalam kalimat bersangkutan, atau memberi penekanan pada unsur subjek atau objek. Kata ganti ini mendapat akhiran –self untuk bentuk tunggal, dan akhiran –selves untuk bentuk jamak.

Perhatikan tabel di bawah ini.

Reflexive Pronoun	Arti
Myself Yourself/yourselves Themselves Ourselves Himself Herself Itself	Saya sendiri Kamu sendiri/kalian sendiri Mereka sendiri Kami sendiri Dia sendiri (laki-laki) Dia sendiri (perempuan) Dia sendiri (benda atau binatang)

Contoh kalimatnya:

§ She laughed at herself. [Dia menertawakan dirinya sendiri.]

§ He himself drives to school. [Dia sendiri yang menyetir ke sekolah.]

§ I myself open the door. [Saya sendiri yang membuka pintu itu.]

§ My father cooked this meal himself. [Ayah saya memasak makanannya sendiri.]

4. Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun merupakan kata ganti penunjuk berdasarkan kedekatan: dekat (this dan these) dan jauh (that dan those). Contoh kalimatnya sebagai berikut:

§ This is my mother, these are my sisters. [Ini ibu saya, ini adik-adik saya.]

§ That book is yours, those are mine. [Buku itu punyamu, itu punyaku.]

5. Interrogative Pronoun

Interrogative pronoun adalah kata-kata yang mempertanyakan orang atau benda. Ini antara lain: who, whom (siapa), whose (punya siapa), why (mengapa), which (yang mana), dan what (apa).

Contoh kalimatnya:

§ Who did you call? [Siapa yang kamu panggil?]

§ What did you order? [Apa yang kamu pesan?]

§ Why did you sell your cara? [Mengapa kamu jual mobilmu?]

6. Indefinite Pronoun

Indefinite pronoun adalah kata ganti yang mengacu pada seseorang atau sesuatu yang dianggap tidak tentu, seperti: somebody (seseorang), something, anything (sesuatu), everyone (setiap orang), dan everything (segala sesuatu).

7. Relative Pronoun

Relative pronoun adalah kata-kata yang merangkai suatu kata benda atau frasa kata benda dengan klausa penjelasnya, seperti who, whom, whose, which, dan that yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia menjadi kata yang.

Contoh kalimatnya:

§ I don’t like people who lose temper easily. [Saya tidak senang pada orang yang mudah naik pitam.]

§ Meong that I always feed everyday is my cat. [Meong yang saya beri makan setiap hari adalah kucing saya.]

§ This is Tukul whose brother you met last week. [Ini tukul yang kakaknya kamu temui minggu lalu.]

§ 8. Possessive pronouns

§ Kalimat kata ganti dalam bahasa inggris yang digunakan untuk menggantikan kepemilikan baik orang, benda maupun hewan.

Milik saya	Mine
Milik kamu	Yours
Milik dia laki-laki	His
Milik dia perempuan	Hers
Milik mereka	Theirs
Milik kita	Ours
Milik hewan	Its

CHAPTER 13 Reading Text 4

Misunderstanding Story

In a remote part of Wales there is a place called Morrow.

One day, at London train station, a traveller said to the booking-clerk, “I want a ticket to Morrow, please.” The clerk raised his eyebrows, saying, “if you want a ticket tomorrow, why don’t you come for it tomorrow?”

“But I want a ticket to Morrow today,” the traveller replied. “I told you,” the clerk say, “ you can’t have a ticket tomorrow today, You’ll have to come tomorrow for it.”

By this time, the traveller was getting more and more annoyed and finally lost his temper and yelled, “Can’t you understand what I mean? I want a ticket to a place called Morrow and I want it now!”

Finally understanding what the traveller really wanted, the clerk said quite calmly, “What didn’t you say so in the first place? Here’s your ticket.

GLOSSARY

Remote : terpencil Yelled : berteriak

Train Station : stasiun kereta quite : sangat

Clerk : petugas loket calmly : lembut

Lost : kehilangan traveller : wisatawan

Temper : marah

CHAPTER 14 Colors/ Warna

Black : Hitam Dark………. : ………tua
White : Putih Light……… : ……….muda
Blue : Biru ……….ish : ke………
Green : Hijau Colorful : berwarna
Brown : Cokelat Gold : Emas
Orange : Oranye Silver : Perak
Red : Merah
Grey : Abu - abu
Purple : Ungu
Pink : Merah muda
Dark brown : Cokelat tua
Navy blue : Biru laut
Violate : Ungu muda
Pure white : Putih cerah
Egg folk : Kuning telur
Crimson : Merah lembayung

Pertanyaan yang umumnya dipakai untuk menanyakan warna.

v What color is it?

v What color do you like?

v What is this color?

v What color is this?

v How many colors do you know?

Conversation

A. Tom, what color is it?

B. It is blue

A. What card is this?

B. This is yellow card

A. What color do you like?

B. I like red color

CHAPTER 15 Direction/Arah

Crossroad : perempatan/persimpangan jalan.
Crossover : penyeberangan jalan
T. junction : jalan bebas
Round about : bundaran jalan
Dead way : jalan buntu
Short cut : jalan pintas
Paved road : jalan aspal
High way : jalan raya
Turn left/right : belok kiri/kanan
Left/right : belokan kiri /kanan
Next to…./beside : sebelahnya
On the left/right side : di sebelah kiri/ kanan
Go pass/ a head : terus
Go straight on : lurus
Bridge : Jembatan
Face : menghadap
North : utara
South : selatan
West : barat
East : timur
Go up and down : naik turun
Zig zag : berliku
Fence : gerbang
Border : perbatasan
Traffic circle : bundaran
North west : barat laut
North east : timur laut
South west : barat daya
South east : tenggara

§ A tool road : jalan tol

Bus line : jalur bus
Get off : turun
Get on : naik
Over pass : jalan layang
Beside : di samping
Behind : di belakang
In front : di depan
Around : di sekitar
Face : menghadap
The traffic jam : kemacetan lalu lintas

A. Conversation (percakapan)

Rose : Excuse me, can you tell me how to get the MAZOLA?

Jack : Yes, of course, it’s not so far from here, in front of that post office,

you must turn left and walk for about 20 meters, you will find cross road. Than you turn left and walk straight a head for one block, and than turn right again. The MAZOLA is the middle of the block. You will get it.

Rose : Thank you so much

Jack : You are welcome

Catatan :

Way : Perkataan umum untuk jalan

Road : Jalan yang menghubungkan satu tempat dengan tempat lain

Street : Jalan di kota (besar/kecil) dan biasanya berada di tengah

gedung-gedung

Alley : Jalan sempit “gang”

Lane : Jalan sempit atau setapak

Boulevard : Jalan yang pnggirnya ditanami pohon-pohon

High way : Jalan besar/jalan raya

CHAPTER 16 Reading Text 5

The Generous Rich Man

Once, there lived a wealthy man named Mr. Hartawan. He had vast rice fields, a lot of cattle, big houses with many rooms and five housemaids. He also had good children, a daughter named Arina and a son named Pandu. They always helped their parents do the work although there were housemaids.

One day, Mr. Hartawan told his family that he was bored with his life. This was because everyone in the house didn't allow him to work. So, he decided to give his farms and cattle to poor people. He wanted to live in a smaller and simpler house, so that he had time to work. Mrs. Hartawan and her children agreed with Mr. Hartawan.

The next morning, Mr. Hartawan and his family moved to a smaller and simpler house, which made Mr. Hartawan happy.

GLOSSARY

Rich man : orang kaya Farm : ladang

Generous : dermawan cattle : hewan ternak

Housemaid : pelayan moved : pindah

Bored : bosan happy : bahagia

Allow : mengikuti

CHAPTER 17 Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense adalah tenses yang paling banyak digunakan, dan karena paling banyak maka pembahasannya juga akan lebih panjang.

Arti simple yaitu sederhana, sedangkan present adalah sekarang. Jadi bisa dikatakan bahwa Simple Present adalah tenses (pola kalimat) yang digunakan untuk menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana. Nama lain daripada Present adalah BENTUK 1.

Contoh-Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense

Jadi kapanpun Anda melihat kata present dalam tenses apapun, bisa dipastikan bahwa dia menggunakan bentuk 1 – bentuk apa? ya bentuk verb, karena semua predicate itu wajib verb bukan, coba lihat posting awal grammar basic ini. Coba liat contoh-contoh kalimat dengan Simple Present tense dibawah ini

TOBE

I am a teacher
You are a teacher
We are teachers
They are teachers

He is a teacher
She is a teacher
It is my cat

Kalau Anda mengamati, maka kalimat diatas semuanya mengggunakan PREDICATE-1 atau predikat dalam bentuk 1, lihat saja tobe nya tidak lepas dari AM – IS – ARE. Contoh diatas adalah simple present tense dalam bentuk nominal, karena semua kalimatnya menggunakan tobe-1

Apakah ada bentuk lainnya? Ada, yaitu The Simple Present Tense dalam bentuk VERBAL. Yaitu yang tidak memiliki tobe tapi memiliki verb. Nanti akan di terangkan. Untuk saat ini cukup kita simpulkan bahwa ada 2 (dua) jenis Simple Present yaitu

1. Nominal Simple Present
2. Verbal Simple Present

Untuk mengubah kalimat NOMINAL SIMPLE PRESENT kedalam bentuk negative (menyangkal) ataupun interrogative (bertanya) sangatlah mudah, amati

(+) You are a teacher
(- ) You are NOT a teacher
(? ) Are you a teacher?

Silahkan Anda pahami dan tugas Anda sekarang adalah buatlah minimal 10 kalimat dengan menggunakan Nominal Simple Present ini.

Sekarang kita lanjutkan pada pola kalimat VERBAL SIMPLE PRESENT – yaitu simple present yang tidak menggunakan tobe, tetapi VERB1 sebagai predicate1 nya.. Amati contoh berikut
Subjective
Pronouns Example
I I work
You You work
We We work
They They work

He He works
She She works
It It works

Lihat, untuk awalan HE, SHE, IT .. verb nya menggunakan _s. Amati kembali contoh berikut

He runs every morning
She teaches English
John has an English books

Untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran bunyi DESIS (hissing sounds – x, ch, s, sh), kita menggunakan akhira _es. sehingga menjadi : teaches, mixes, washes, kisses .. dsb.

Exercise 1 :

read – John reads in the morning

1. read
2. sing
3. study
4. work
5. arrive
6. leave
7. practice
8. write
9. watch
10. finish
11. mix
12. pass
13. go
14. have
15. pray

Answer keys :

3. John studies
9. John watches
10 John finishes
11. John mixes
12. John passes
13. John goes
14. John have(s) -> John has
15. John prays

Amati kembali contoh kalimat ini :

3. (study) -> John studies
15. (pray) ->John prays

Untuk verb study – sebelum huruf Y adalah huruf konsonan D, itulah sebabnya menjadi STUDIES

Untuk verb pray – sebelum huruf Y adalah huruf vokal A, itulah sebabnya tetap PRAYS

Exercise 2 : Yang mana HAVE dan HAS

We -> We HAVE coffee in the morning
He -> He HAS coffee in the morning

1. he
2 John and Mary
3. they
4. Mr. Allen
5. she
6. Mary
7. the students
8. my brothers
9. my brother
10. You and I
11. he and she
12. Mary’s sister
13. Mary’s sisters
14. the teacher
15. people

Latihan membuat kalimat

1.Adik perempuanku pergi ke pasar

2.Saipul memberi rudi roti

3.Ibu Guru megajar murid murid

4.Jokowi bermain bola

5.Ahok menjual permen

Yerterday is history

Tomorrow is a mystery

And today is gift

CHAPTER 18 Likes And Dislike (Suka dan Tidak Suka)

Untuk menyatakan perasaan suka dan tidak suka dapat mengunakan

A. LIKES (Suka)

· I like….. saya suka………

· I love…….. saya suka……..

· I’m satisfied with……… saya puas dengan……..

· I’m pleased with…… saya senang dengan……..

· I care …….. saya peduli……..

B. DISLIKE (Tidak Suka)

· I don’t like……very much saya sangat tidak suka dengan…

· I don’t care for…. Saya tidak peduli dengan………...

· I am not fond of………… saya tidak suka dengan……

· I hate……… saya benci…….

· I dislike…………. Saya tidak suka……

· I am not satisfied with………saya tidak puas dengan….

· I am displeased with……….. saya tidak senang dengan….

Conversation ;

Good morning, Laila!
Good morning, Ana

A. Have you had breakfast?

B. No, I haven’t because I don’t have a meal

A. Don’t worry, I have some breads. Do you like it?

B. yes, I do, and how about you?

A. I don’t like very much, here this bread

B. thank you

A. you are welcome.

TUGAS :Buat percakapan like dan dislike dan praktekkan di depan kelas

CHAPTER 19 Reading Text 6

BEST FRIEND

Laura is my best friend. We are in the third grade. We do everything together. We walk to school together. We eat lunch together at school. Laura’s mother gives her sandwiches for lunch. My mother gives her peanut butter sandwiches for lunch. We tell our sandwiches with each other.

Sometimes Laura gets apples for lunch. Sometimes I get peaches. We tell our fruit each other. We help each other with our homework. She helps me with history. I help her with arithmetic. We spend the weekends together. Her parents invite me to their house, or my parents invite her to our house. I spend the night at her house, or she spends the night at my house.

We talk about everything. We talk about our brothers. They are so silly. We talk about our teachers and our parents. We love them. We talk about the boys in class. We don’t like them. They are so lazy. Boys never stand alone. We will never like boys.

GLOSSARY

Everything : semuanya parent : orang tua

Walk : berjalan invite : mengajak

Peanut butter : selai kacang lazy : malas

Tell : menceritakan

Sometimes : kadang kadang

Homework :PR

Spend :menghabiskan

History : sejarah

CHAPTER 20 Question Words

Pengertian dan Fungsi Question Words

Question words (Kata Tanya) digunakan untuk menanyakan tentang jumlah yang spesifik, waktu, tempat, orang, dll. Question words (kata tanya) ini berbeda dengan yes/ no questions, contohnya: “Do you like coffee? “

Ada banyak kata dalam bahasa inggris yang digunakan khususnya untuk membuat kalimat tanya, kata-kata ini disebut dengan “question words” (kata tanya). Terkadang dalam materi bahasa inggris kita mengenalnya dengan “WH question words” karena kata-kata Tanya tersebut diawali dengan huruf “W” dan “H”.

Jenis Question Words

Ada 2 jenis kalimat tanya (question words), yakni:

1.WH question words

2.Yes/ no questions

Macam-macam, Fungsi dan Contoh Question Words

Perhatikan tabel di bawah ini:

Question Words	Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat
what	Menanyakan informasi tentang sesuatu.	What is your name?
	Menanyakan pengulangan, menanyakan kenapa.	What? I can't hear you.You did what?
what...for	Menanyakan alasan,menanyakan kenapa.	What did you do that for?
when	Menanyakan tentang waktu	When did he leave?
where	Menanyakan posisi atau tempat.	Where do they live?
which	Menanyakan tentang pilihan.	Which colour do you want?
who	Menanyakan subjectorang.	Who opened the door?
whom	Menanyakan object orang.	Whom did you see?
whose	Menanyakan tentang kepemilikan.	Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it?
why	Menanyakan alasan.	Why do you say that?
why don't	Memberikan saran.	Why don't I help you?
how	Menyakan tentang cara.	How does this work?
	Menanyakan tentang kondisi atau jumlah.	How was your exam?
how + adj/adv	Menanyakan tingkatan	Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:
how far	Jarak	How far is Pattaya from Bangkok?
how long	Panjang (waktu atau ruang)	How long will it take?
how many	Jumlah (countable)	How many cars are there?
how much	Jumlah (uncountable)	How much money do you have?
how old	Umur	How old are you?
how come (informal)	Menanyakan alasan,menanyakan kenapa.	How come I can't see her?

Arti dan Contoh Question Words

Question Words	Arti	Contoh Kalimat
who	Orang	Who's that? That's Nancy.
where	Tempat	Where do you live? In Boston
why	Alasan	Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get up early
when	Waktu	When do you go to work? At 7:00
how	Cara	How do you go? By car
what	Object, ide atau tindakan	What do you do? I am an engineer
which	Pilihan	Which one do you prefer? The red one.
whose	Kepemilikan	Whose is this book? It's Alan's.
whom	Object dari kata kerja	Whom did you meet? I met the manager.
what kind	Deskripsi/ gambaran	What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs
what time	Waktu	What time did you come home?
how many	Jumlah (countable)	How many students are there? There are twenty.
how much	Jumlah/ kwantitas,harga (uncountable)	How much time have we got? Ten minutes
how long	Durasi, panjang	How long did you stay in that hotel? For two weeks.
how often	Frekwensi	How often do you go to the gym? Twice a week.
how far	Jarak	How far is your school? It's one mile far.
how old	Umur	How old are you? I'm 16.
how come	Alasan	How come I didn't see at the party?

Jika anda ingin menanyakan tentang subject dari suatu kalimat, langsung saja tambahkan kata Tanya pada awal kalimat. Contohnya:

Shelly buys new car. – Who buys new car?

Jika anda menanyakan tentang predicate dari suatu kalimat (bagian dari kalimat yang mengandung kata kerja dan memberikan informasi tentang subject), ada 3 pilihan:

1. Jika ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) yang mendahului kata kerja utama (seperti:can, is, are, was, were, will, would, … etc), silahkan tambahkan kata tanya kemudian diikuti dengan kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) dan subject. Contohnya:

He can speak Japanese. – What can he speak?

They are working tonight. – When are they working?

2. Jika anda menanyakan predicate tetapi tidak ada kata kerja bantu-nya (auxiliary verb) dan hanya ada “to be”, silahkan tambahkan kata tanya kemudian diikuti dengan to bedan subject. Contohnya:

The play was interesting. – How was the play?

3. Jika tidak ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) pada predicate dan kata kerja utama bukanlah berupa “to be”, silahkan tambahkan kata kerja bantu “do/ does” dalam bentuk yang sesuai. Contohnya:

They go to the movies every Saturday. – When do they go to the movies?

He wakes up early. – When does he wake up?

Tom sent a letter. – What did they send?

Don’t ever say

“try and error “

But you must

“ try and learn”

CHAPTER 21 Thanks

A. Thanks (Terima kasih)

§ Thanks = terima kasih

§ Thank you = terima kasih

§ Thank you very much = terima kasih banyak

§ Thanks a lot = terima kasih banyak

§ No, thanks = tidak terima kasih

§ No, thank you = tidak terima kasih

§ Thank you for everything = terima kasih atas segalanya

§ Thank for your help = terima kasih atas bantuannya

§ Many thanks = terima kasih banyak

§ Tanks for your tip = terima kasih atas sarannya

§ Thanks a million = terima kasih banyak

§ Much obliged = terima kasih banyak

§ Thank you so much = terima kasih banyak

§ I can’t thank you enough = saya mengucapkan terima kasih

yang sedalam-dalamnya

§ I don’t know how to thank you = saya tidak tahu bagaimana

mengucapkan terima kasih pada anda

§ I can’t find words how to thank you = saya tidak dapat mencari kata-

kata bagaimana mengucapkan

terima kasih saya pada anda.

§ I’ m grateful …….. = saya berterima kasih atas………….

§ I want to thank = saya ingin berterima kasih

§ Thanks for inviting me = terima kasih telah mengundang saya

§ Thanks for asking = terima kasih untuk undangannya

§ Thank you for the invitation = terima kasih atas undangannya

§ It’s very nice of you to invite me = anda sangat baik mengundang saya

Replay (ungkapan balasan)

You are welcome (Amerika) = terima kasih kembali
That’s all right = sama-sama
Don’t mention it = jangan berterima kasih pada saya
Not at all = tidak apa
It’s pleasure = dengan senang hati
Thank you just the same = terima kasih juga saya ucapkan pd anda
It was nothing at all = terima kasih kembali
No problem = tak masalah
Glad to be of help = senang dapat menolong
I’m glad I could help = saya senang dapat menolong
I am glad I could do it = saya senang dapat melakukanya
I am glad I could be of help = saya senang saya dapat membantu

Disamping ucapan terima kasih, terkadang digunakan juga ungkapan-ungkapan yang mengandung penghargaan (Appreciation)

· It’s very good of you = betapa baiknya anda

· That’s very nice of you = betapa baiknya anda

· That’s very kind of you = betapa baiknya anda

· That’s sound greats = kedengarannya menyenangkan

· That sound terrific = kedengaranya menyenangkan

· That would be fun = sangat menyenangkan

· That would be wonderful = sangat menyenangkan

· 1’ be happy to = saya sangat senang

· I’ be glad to = saya sangat senang

· I like that = saya sangat senang

· We’d be pleased to come = kami sangat senang untuk datang

Apabila ingin menolak suatu undangan, dapat menggunakan kalimat;

· I’d love to, but I can’t = saya senang tapi saya tidak bisa

· I’d love to, but I won’t be able to= saya senang, tapi saya tidak bisa

Conversation / percakapan

D : Hi, Tom.

F : Hi, what are you doing here?

D : O yap, please come in

F : . …………

D : Sit down, please. Tom, would you like a cup of coffee?

F : …………

D : How about a piece of cake?

F : ……………

D : Wait minute, I will come soon

F : ………………….

Live not for eat but eat for live

CHAPTER 22 Reading Text 7

Penguin In The Park

Once a man was walking in a park when he across a penguin. He took it to a policeman and said; “What should I do?” The policeman replied; “Take it to the zoo!” The next day, the policeman saw the man in
the same park.

The man was still carrying the penguin. The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked; “Why are you still carrying the penguin? Didn’t you take it to the zoo?” The man replied; “I certainly did. And it was a great idea because the penguin really enjoyed it.So, today I am taking it to the movie”.
Glossaries

Park : taman zoo : kebun binatang
Across : melewati certainly : tentunya

Saw : melihat enjoyed : menikmati

Carry : membawa

CHAPTER 23 Present Continues Tense

Present Continuous Tense merupakan tense bentuk yang menunjuk pada tindakan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau ketika pembicaraan itu sedang berlangsung. Selain itu, tense ini juga bisa dipakai untuk menyebut suatu tindakan yang akan di dilakukan di masa depan (perencanaan). Umumnya, tense ini juga biasa disebut Present Progressive Tense

Contoh Penggunaan Present Continuous Tense

1. Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau kegiatan sementara.
Contoh : Mr. Teguh is writing a new book. (Mr. Teguh sedang menulis buku baru)

2. Rencana di masa depan yang sudah pasti waktunya (pribadi).
Contoh : I am going to Surabaya at 07.30 tomorrow. (Saya akan pergi ke Surabaya jam 7.30 besok)

3. perubahan atau perkembangan yang sedang berlangsung dalam rentang waktu yang lama. Contoh : The earth is getting older (Bumi ini semakin tua)

Rumus Present Continuous Tense

Berikut rumus present continuous tense untuk membuat kalimat-kalimat

A. Positif:
subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb – ing + object
Contoh : I am watching TV now

B. Negatif :
subject + to be + not + verb – ing + object
Contoh : Mr. Khanafi is not going to Jakarta atau
Mr. Khanafi isn’t going to Jakarta

C. Introgatif(tanya) :
to be + subject + verb – ing + object
Is Mrs. Annisa cooking in the kitchen ?

Dalam pembentukan tense ini, dibutuhkan :

A. Bentuk “to be”

1. Tunggal,
I am (orang pertama)
You are (orang kedua)
He / she / it is (orang ketiga)

2. Jamak,
We are (orang pertama)
You are (orang kedua)
They are (orang ketiga)

B. bentuk kata kerja “-ing”
Contoh :
go + ing = going

C. Keterangan waktu (adverb of time) yang sering digunakan dalam Present Continuous tense : now, right now, at the moment, just, still dan tomorrow (digunakan khusus untuk yang menunjuk suatu perencanaan). Contoh:
a. I am writing a book now.
b. We are eating noodles at the moment.
c. She is still waiting for her son.
d. Tomorrow, they are going to go to Jakarta.

D. Selain itu, kita bisa juga menggunakan tense ini untuk suatu rutinitas sementara, contoh :
He is working at home this week because he is sick.
Keterangan waktu yang digunakan dalam bentuk ini adalah this week, theese days, this month, etc.

Latihan Present Continuous Tense

Berikut latihan Present Continuous tense bahasa inggris. Jika mengalami kesulitan dalam arti kata gunakan kamus bahasa inggris:

Latihan : terjemahkan kalimat ini kedalam bahasa inggris

1.Jack sedang tidur sekarang
2.Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu
3.Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi
4.Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang
5.Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu.
6.Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang.
7.Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang
8.Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang
9.Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang.
10.Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang.

The science without religion is blind

The religion without science is blame

CHAPTER 24 Asking For And Giving Permition

(MEMINTA DAN MEMBERI IJIN)

Asking for merupakan suatu ungkapan yang digunakan secara sopan untuk meminta sesuatu atau memberi ijin suatu permintaan

· Can I…..? dapatkah saya

· Could I…..? dapatkah saya

· May I …..? bolehkah saya

· Is it alright if I …….? Apakah tidak mengapa jika saya…..

· Would it be possible for me to…? Mungkinkah bagi saya untuk…?

· Would you mind if I……? anda tidak keberatan jika saya….

· Would it bother you if I …….? Terganggukah anda jika saya……..

· Is it okay to……..? bolehkan untuk

· Do you mind if I……? apakah anda keberatan jika saya……..

· Will you like to give me a minute? Akankah anda beri saya beberapa menit?

Kalimat jawaban dari permintaan ijin dan memberikan ijin

· Of course tentu saja

· Certainly silahkan

· By all means silahkan

· Yes ya

· Sure tentu

· No, I wouldn’t mind tidak, saya tidak keberatan

· No, I don’ t mind tidak, saya tidak keberatan

· Of course not tentu tidak

· Not at all tak mengapa

· No, it’s alright tidak, tak mengapa

· Go ahead silahkan

· I think so saya pikir demikian

· I supposed so saya harap demekian

Jika ingin menolak suatu permintaan izin, maka bisa menggunakan;

I’d rather you didn’t tidak boleh
I prefer it if you didn’t tidak boleh
We don’t allow anyone to.kami tidak mengijinkan semua orang untuk
I can’t do that without permission of….saya tidak dapat melakukan tanpa ijin dari
I don’t think so saya kira tidak
I don’t belive so saya kira tidak

Conversation (percakapan)

Arif : god morning, jane

Jane : good morning, arif!

Arif : would you like to come to my party toninght?

Jane : I’d love to

Arif : I hope you can come

Jane : I appreciate for your invitation

Arif : you are welcome

TUGAS : Buat percakapan tentang meminta dan memberi izin dan praktekkan di depan kelas

Adversity tries friends

CHAPTER 25 Reading Text 8

My holiday

I´m sitting on the beach, eating an icecream, Alice and Paul are swimming in the sea and Tom is in the park.He´s playing with a friend. Peter is listening to the radioand reading.We´re having a fantasticholiday. Abercwm is a little fishing village in north Wales with a park, a castle,some Roman remains and some lovely gardens, and theres a little
fishing port with a lighthouse.

Everybody here is really friendly. I think we´re lucky. This is our second holiday this year and we´re doing just what we want to do:sleeping eating and playing games. The food is lovely too.

GLOSSARIES

Sit : duduk think : pikir

Beach : pantai lucky : beruntung

Swim : berenang lovely : menyenangkan

Listen : mendengar food : makanan

Garden : taman

CHAPTER 26 Praising And Congratulating

(Pujian Dan Ucapan Selamat)

1. PRAISING / Memuji

Praising merupakan ungkapan yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan pujian, berikut ini adalah ungkapan-ungkapan yang bisa digunakan;

· This was very good…..itu sangat baik

· I thought it was excellent saya pikir itu sangat bagus

· I thought it was wonderful saya pikir itu sangat bagus

· I thought it was terrific saya pikir itu sangat bagus

· What an excellent sungguh sangat bagus

· What a wonderful sungguh sangat bagus

· I really like saya sungguh menyukai

· I love saya menyukai

· It’s so……… itu sangat

Jawaban jika kita di sanjung atau mendapat praising;

· Thank you for saying that terima kasih telah memuji seperti itu

· Thanks for saying that terima kasih telah memuji seperti itu

· It is nice of you to say that sungguh baik anda berkata demikian

· It is kind of you to say so sungguh baik anda berkata demikian

· I’m glad you like it saya senang anda menyukainya

· You are just saying that anda yang mengatakanya

2. CONGRATULATING/ Ucapan Selamat

Have a good time = semoga anda senang
Have a nice trip = selamat jalan, semoga senang
Have a good holiday = semoga senang dalam perjlanan
Enjoy your self = semoga senang
I hope you have a good time = saya harap kamu bahagia

Jawabanya

§ Thanks

§ Thank you

§ Thanks, I’m sure I shall

§ Thanks, I’m sure I will

CONVEYING GREETING (Titip Salam)

Please remember me to your family salam saya buat keluargamu
Give my best regards to …… titip salam buat…..
Give my love to…… salam sayang buat………

Replays/ jawaban

Thanks I will
Thank you, I certainly I will
Thanks / sure

BEFORE INTERVIEW (Sebelum Wawancara)

Good luck (semoga berhasil) = thanks
Best of luck (semoga berhasil)

FOR AN ACHIEVEMENT (Jika Berprestasi)

Congratulation (selamat) = thanks
Well done (selamat)

FOR ENGAGEMENT AND WEDDING RECEPTION

(Jika bertunangan/Pernikahan)

Congratulations

FAILURE

Bad luck, hard luck, never mind (no answer)

ILLNESS (Jika Sakit)

I hope you soon get better/ well again

SEASONAL GREETING (UCAPAN HARI RAYA)

Marry Christmas selamat natal
Happy new year selamat hari raya
Happy birth day selamat ulang tahun
Many happy return semoga bahagia
Happy anniversary selamat hari jadi
I wish you a happy feast day saya ucapkan selamat hari raya

Jawabannya

· Thanks the same to you

· Thank you

TUGAS : Buatlah percakapan tentang pujian dan ucapan selamat dan praktekkan di depan kelas

CHAPTER 27 Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menghubungkan masa lampau dengan masa sekarang. Kegunaan utamanya adalah untuk menunjukkan relevansi tindakan atau situasi masa lampau dengan kondisi sekarang. Contoh:

· John has gone home (telah pulang ke rumah)

John pulang ke rumah di masa lampau, tetapi yang diinginkan kalimat diatas sebenarnya adalah dimana dia berada sekarang. Kalimat ini memberikan informasi masa lampau untuk menginformasikan situasi sekarang.
Bentuk

Present Perfect dibuat dengan have/has (kata kerja bantu “to have”) dan past participle (kata kerja bentuk ke-3). Contoh:

· I have worked in London.

· She has worked in a bank.

Pasti participle (Verb 3) beraturan dibentuk dengan menambahkan -ed ke kata kerja, misalnya work – worked, play – played. Akan tetapi ada banyak Verb 3 tidak beraturan yang perlu anda ketahui.
Berikut adalah bentuk-bentuk Present Perfect dengan kata kerja to work.

	Tunggal	Jamak
Afirmatif	I have worked You have worked He has worked She has worked It has worked	We have worked You have worked They have worked
Negatif	I haven’t worked (haven’t = have not) You haven’t worked He hasn’t worked She hasn’t worked It hasn’t worked	We haven’t worked You haven’t worked They haven’t worked
Interogatif	Have I worked? Have you worked? Has he worked? Has she worked? Has it worked?	Have I worked? Have you worked? Have they worked?

Kegunaan

Berikut beberapa kegunaan Present Perfect. Perlu selalu diingat bahwa untuk semua poin berikut tujuan utama yakni menghubungkan masa lampau dan masa sekarang adalah sama.

A. Masa lampau yang menginformasikan masa sekarang

1. Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk memberikan informasi masa lampau yang relevan dengan keadaan sekarang. Contoh:

· Have you been shopping? Yes, I went this morning.

Pertanyaan “Have you been shopping?” menanyakan tentang fakta masa lampau – apakah You pergi belanja atau tidak. Akan tetapi, pertanyaan ini ditanyakan karena kebutuhan masa sekarang – jika You sudah belanja, pembicara tidak perlu pergi sekarang – jika You belum belanja pembicara perlu pergi sekarang. Pertanyaan ini adalah pertanyaan tentang kebutuhan masa sekarang, bukan fakta masa lampau.
2. Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menghubungkan pengalaman masa lampau. Contoh:

· Have you been to Italy?

· No, I haven’t been there.

Lagi-lagi, pertanyaan “Have you been Italy?” menanyakan tentang fakta masa lampau, tetapi masa atau kondisi lampau tidak begitu penting. Justru penanya menginginkan informasi ini untuk kebutuhan sekarang – mungkin penanya sedang membicarakan tentang perjalanan keluar negeri, atau mungkin tertarik dengan Italia. Kita tidak bisa menjelaskan hanya dari satu kalimat, tetapi yang menjadi fokus disini adalah pada kebutuhan sekarang, bukan masa lampau.
3. Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk pencapaian/prestasi. Contoh:

· James has won first prize for math.

James memenangkan hadiah di masa lampau, tetapi yang menjadi fokus kalimat adalah prestrasinya sekarang ini.

B. Masa lampau sampai masa sekarang

1. Present Perfect digunakan untuk menunjukkan perubahan dari masa lampau sampai masa sekarang.

· John’s English wasn’t very good, but he’s got much better.

Antara sebuah waktu di masa dan sekarang, Bahasa Inggris John telah mengalami peningkatan. Fokus tidak terlalu ditujukan pada seberapa buruk English John di masa lampau, tetapi justru seberapa baik English dia sekarang.
2. Present Perfect digunakan untuk sebuah situasi atau tindakan yang bermula di masa lampau dan masih terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Kita umum menggunakan for dan since pada situasi-situasi seperti ini. Contoh:

· John has lived in Boston for 5 years.

John datang ke Boston 5 tahun yang lalu dan masih tinggal disana.

· He has (He’s) been a lawyer for 12 years.

3. Present Perfect digunakan untuk tindakan yang berulang yang dimulai di masa lampau dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang Contoh:

· We’ve been to England 4 times.

Subjek (we) pada kalimat diatas pergi ke England beberapa kali di masa lampau, dan kemungkinan akan kesana lagi di masa yang akan datang.
4. Present Perfect digunakan untuk sebuah periode waktu yang dimulai di masa lampau tetapi masih terus berlanjut sampai sekarang.

· I’ve studied at the library every day this week.

This week bermula di masa lampau, tetapi masih berlangsung, belum berakhir.

Waktu pasti dan tak pasti

Salah satu aturan mudah tentang Present Perfect adalah tenses ini tidak bisa digunakan bersama dengan waktu pasti (definite time). Contoh:

· I’ve been on vacation. Benar

· I went on vacation last month. Benar

· I’ve been on vacation last month. Tidak benar

Kita tidak bisa menggunakan waktu pasti bersaa dengan Present Perfect. Present Perfect menggunakan informasi masa lampau untuk berfokus pada waktu sekarang, jadi menyebutkan waktu lampau juga tidak tepat.
Sebagai aturan umum: Jika waktu pasti di masa lampau penting, gunakan Present Simple – Jika waktu pasti di masa lampau tidak penting, gunakan Present Perfect. Contoh:

· I went to Paris last year. – Yang menjadi fokus adala masa lampau

· I’ve been to Paris. – Yang menjadi fokus adalah bagaimana pengalaman di Paris mempengaruhi masa sekarang.

Present Perfect bisa digunakan bersama dengan kata keterangan waktu. Contoh:

· I haven’t had a vacation recently.

Perlu diperhatikan bahwa Present Perfect bisa digunakan dengan periode waktu yang belum selesai. Contoh:

· I haven’t had a vacation this year. (Benar) – Tahun ini belum habis, jadi Present Perfect digunakan untuk waktu yang terus berlanjut dari masa lalu sampai sekarang.

· I haven’t had a vacation last year. Tidak benar

Plan your work and work your plan

CHAPTER 28 Reading Text 9

Close friend

Adi lives in Surabaya. He has lived for ten years. He has a book. He has had that books for three months. Now, he wants to read. Adi reads book in a room. Adi has a friend. Her name is Anna. She is not from Surabaya.

His mother has cooked and his father is taking a bath when Anna calls him. She wants to play with him. Anna asks Adi, “Do you want to play with me?”

Adi answers, “Ok. Come here. I have finished reading a good book and I am watching TV with my mom.”

Adi and Anna play together. After hours, Adi asks Anna, “Have you eaten already?”Anna replies, “No, I haven’t. I am hungry.”

At last, they go to kitchen for eating. Adi does not like chicken. He eats vegetables. Anna eats chicken but she does not like vegetables. They do not like eggs.Adi’s mother comes and says, “What are you doing here? Don’t eat here.“Adi and Anna go to dining room.

GLOSSARIES

Live : tinggal answer : menjawab

Want : ingin hungry : lapar

Cook : memasak kitchen : dapur

Call : memanggil vegetable : sayuran

Ask : bertanya egg : telur

Intermediete Level First Grade for Junior High School

CHAPTER 1

The Generous Rich Man

Contoh Penggunaan Present Continuous Tense

Rumus Present Continuous Tense

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